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Rafael Gambra Ciudad
Rafael Gambra Ciudad (Madrid, 1920 - Madrid, 2004), was a Spanish philosopher, author and a Carlist soldier.
==Family and Youth==
Rafael's parental family for centuries has been linked to Valle del Roncal in the Navarrese Pyrenees, though his father, Eduardo Gambra y Sanz, settled in Madrid and became a recognized architect. His key works are the office of Sociedad Gran Peña along the Gran Via and refurbishment of Palacio del Marqués de Miraflores. Rafael's mother, Rafaela Ciudad Orioles, was an Andalusian from Seville. She came from a distinguished family of civil servants, her father having been President of Tribunal Supremo. Both Rafael's parents were profoundly Catholic; politically his father sympathised with Carlism.
Gambra was born and raised in Madrid, though he spent much of his childhood in Navarre and later cherished his Navarrese heritage. As a result, his regional identity has always been torn between this of a ''madrileño'' and this of a ''navarro'' (though obituaries referred to him as ''arquetipo navarro''). During his adolescent years Gambra was engaged in Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas of Ángel Herrera, the lay Catholics organisation aiming at confronting the rising liberal and socialist tide; as a teenager he was reportedly averse towards the Christian-democratic tone of the group, favouring an integralist approach of the ultra-conservative Carlists. He was still a schoolboy at the Marianist Colegio del Pilar when the Spanish Civil War broke out. As a 16-year-old Gambra enlisted to the Carlist ''Requeté'' militia and joined the ''Tercio de Abárzurza'' battalion, taking part in the unsuccessful offensive in Sierra de Guadarrama and fruitlessly attempting to break through the socialist defence lines to Madrid. José Ulíbarri, the Catholic parish priest from Úgar and temporary commander of the unit, remained Gambra's friend and sort of mentor for life. He ended up in ''Tercio del Alcázar'', a battalion composed mostly of the Castillians. Having spent most of the warfare in line, Gambra rose to the rank of wartime lieutenant (alférez provisional) and commanded a platoon when his unit reached the Valencian town of Lliria at the moment of Nationalist victory in 1939. Decorated with many military awards (''Medalla de la Campaña 1936-1939'', ''Cruz Roja del Mérito Militar'', ''Cruz de Guerra'', ''Medalla de Voluntarios de Navarra'').
Rafael Gambra was married to Carmela Gutiérrez, one year his junior, also a Carlist activist, translator, journalist and (under the pen-name Miguel Arazuri) author of fairly popular novels in historical or contemporary settings (e.g. ''Marcos'', ''La rata blanca'', ''La bruja''). She was particularly vigorous in public and private radio broadcasting, having been also the founder and manager of ''Fundación Stella'', an independent radio venture. Apparently aware of the forthcoming mass culture era, she focused on proliferation rather than on creation and tried to influence her husband accordingly. The couple had three children. Some of their offspring became distinguished figures in the Spanish conservative realm; José Miguel Gambra Gutiérrez has been leading the sixtinos Carlists since 2010.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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